But Christ has indeed been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep. - 1 Corinthians 15:20

Milestones in Cloning, IVF, and Surrogate Parenting

Cassandra Price, CLR Program Assistant
Clearly Caring Magazine, May/June 2007, Vol. 27, No. 3

First known case of embryo transplantation using two species of rabbits.

First cloning technique proposed, proven years later.

First successful IVF of human eggs.

First unequivocal case of a live birth following egg fertilization in the lab, true IVF and subsequent embryo transfer, to the uterus.

First two sperm banks open in Iowa City, U.S. and Tokyo, Japan.

AMA urges moratorium on IVF research involving humans.

Human embryo at the late morulae /early blastocyst stage transferred into the uterus, resulting in a clinical pregnancy. The tubal ectopic pregnancy must be removed.

First formal agreement made between a couple and a surrogate mother in the U.S.

First "test-tube baby" Louise Joy Brown born in England.

Del-Zio's wins its case against Vande Wiele after the termination of their baby following IVF.

Australia's first IVF baby, Candice Elizabeth Reed, born.

First U.S. IVF clinic opens in Virginia.

First report of use of ultrasound for percutaneous oocyte retrieval instead of laparoscopy.

First U.S. IVF baby, Elizabeth Jordan Carr, is born. Marking the return of injectable fertility drug to help stimulate an IVF pregnancy.

Samantha Steel, a test tube baby born to American parents, is born in England.

First egg donation pregnancy.

First donor embryo baby born in Melbourne.

First report using transvaginal ultrasound guidance for egg retrieval.

Lamb is cloned from a developing sheep embryo cell. Experiment is repeated by other scientists who clone a variety of animals.

Surrogacy comes to national attention with the "Baby M" case.

First report of use of ultrasound for embryo transfer.

American Bar Association drafts two alternative model laws involving surrogate motherhood.

First pregnancies reported after preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Also first reported case of sex selection (gender selection) in IVF.

First report using assisted hatching of zona pellucida to improve pregnancy rates.

First report of pregnancies and deliveries using intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Lab experiments of IVF involving human eggs leads to the "cloning" of human embryos. Process divides such fertilized eggs at very early stage of development but produces a twin rather than a clone.

California Supreme Court issues ruling declaring surrogacy contracts legal in California in Johnson v. Calvert.

World's first sheep cloned from adult cells, named Dolly.

Human embryonic stem cells isolated and cultured by researchers at the University of Wisconsin.

Scientists announce the cloning of human embryos for first time, but embryos die after a few cell divisions.

President Bush limits federally-funded research on human embryonic stem cells to lines, or colonies, of cells that have already been created.

California becomes first state to approve law legalizing the cloning of embryos to produce stem cells for scientific and medical purposes.

Dolly is euthanized at age 6 after being diagnosed with lung disease.

South Korean Researcher Hwang Woo-suk claims to be first to clone a human embryo and generate cell lines from them.

67-year-old woman delivers twins using IVF and egg donation.

Study suggests IVF babies at higher risk for birth defects.

South Korean scientists clone a dog, named Snuppy.

South Korean researchers clone two female wolves.

South Korean University investigators announce that Hwang's findings on human embryos and stem cells are fraudulent.

Hwang's trial for fraud, embezzlement and bioethics breaches begins in Seoul District Court.

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